That is the five-layer cake:
Energy → chips → infrastructure → models → applications.
Every successful application pulls on every layer beneath it, all the way down to the power plant that keeps it alive.
We have only just begun this buildout. We are a few hundred billion dollars into it. Trillions of dollars of infrastructure still need to be built.
Around the world, we are seeing chip factories, computer assembly plants, and AI factories being constructed at unprecedented scale. This is becoming the largest infrastructure buildout in human history.
The labor required to support this buildout is enormous. AI factories need electricians, plumbers, pipefitters, steelworkers, network technicians, installers, and operators.
These are skilled, well-paid jobs, and they are in short supply. You do not need a PhD in computer science to participate in this transformation.
At the same time, AI is driving productivity across the knowledge economy. Consider radiology. AI now assists with reading scans, but demand for radiologists continues to grow. That is not a paradox.
A radiologist’s purpose is to care for patients. Reading scans is one task along the way. When AI takes on more of the routine work, radiologists can focus on judgment, communication, and care. Hospitals become more productive. They serve more patients. They hire more people.
Productivity creates capacity. Capacity creates growth.