Looking at the comprehensive Foundation library documentation and the extensive enhancement proposals already made, I can see significant opportunities for additional foundational improvements that would benefit not just DSPEx but any complex, distributed Elixir application. Let me propose complementary enhancements that focus on core infrastructure capabilities.
Foundation Enhancement Series IV: Advanced Infrastructure Primitives
Enhancement 21: Dynamic Resource Discovery and Service Mesh
Overview: Build intelligent service discovery that can adapt to changing network topologies and automatically route requests to optimal service instances.
defmodule Foundation.ServiceMesh do
@moduledoc """
Dynamic service discovery and routing with health-aware load balancing.
"""
def register_service(service_name, instance_info, health_check_opts \\ []) do
instance_id = Foundation.Utils.generate_id()
instance_data = %{
id: instance_id,
service_name: service_name,
node: Node.self(),
pid: instance_info.pid,
metadata: instance_info.metadata || %{},
capabilities: instance_info.capabilities || [],
registered_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
last_health_check: nil,
health_status: :unknown,
load_score: 0.0,
version: instance_info.version || "1.0.0"
}
# Start health monitoring
{:ok, monitor_pid} = Foundation.ServiceMesh.HealthMonitor.start_link(
instance_id,
health_check_opts
)
# Register in distributed registry
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.register(
:global,
{:service_instance, service_name, instance_id},
instance_data
)
{:ok, instance_id}
end
def discover_service(service_name, requirements \\ %{}) do
# Get all instances of the service
instances = Foundation.ServiceRegistry.list_by_pattern(
:global,
{:service_instance, service_name, :_}
)
# Filter by requirements and health
viable_instances =
instances
|> filter_by_health(:healthy)
|> filter_by_capabilities(requirements[:capabilities] || [])
|> filter_by_version(requirements[:min_version])
|> sort_by_load_and_locality()
case viable_instances do
[] -> {:error, :no_viable_instances}
[best | alternatives] -> {:ok, best, alternatives}
end
end
def route_request(service_name, request, opts \\ []) do
case discover_service(service_name, opts[:requirements] || %{}) do
{:ok, instance, _alternatives} ->
execute_with_circuit_protection(instance, request, opts)
{:error, reason} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:service_unavailable,
"No viable instances for service #{service_name}",
context: %{service: service_name, reason: reason}
)}
end
end
defp execute_with_circuit_protection(instance, request, opts) do
Foundation.Infrastructure.execute_protected(
{:service_instance, instance.id},
[
circuit_breaker: instance.service_name,
timeout: opts[:timeout] || 30_000
],
fn -> GenServer.call(instance.pid, request) end
)
end
end
defmodule Foundation.ServiceMesh.HealthMonitor do
use GenServer
def start_link(instance_id, opts) do
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, {instance_id, opts})
end
def init({instance_id, opts}) do
check_interval = opts[:check_interval] || 30_000
health_check_fun = opts[:health_check] || fn -> :ok end
# Schedule first health check
Process.send_after(self(), :health_check, 1000)
state = %{
instance_id: instance_id,
check_interval: check_interval,
health_check_fun: health_check_fun,
consecutive_failures: 0,
last_check_time: nil
}
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_info(:health_check, state) do
health_result = perform_health_check(state)
update_instance_health(state.instance_id, health_result)
# Schedule next check
Process.send_after(self(), :health_check, state.check_interval)
new_failures = case health_result do
:healthy -> 0
_ -> state.consecutive_failures + 1
end
{:noreply, %{state |
consecutive_failures: new_failures,
last_check_time: DateTime.utc_now()
}}
end
defp perform_health_check(state) do
try do
case state.health_check_fun.() do
:ok -> :healthy
{:ok, _} -> :healthy
:error -> :unhealthy
{:error, _} -> :unhealthy
_ -> :unknown
end
rescue
_ -> :unhealthy
catch
:exit, _ -> :unhealthy
end
end
end
Enhancement 22: Advanced Data Pipeline Framework
Overview: Sophisticated data processing pipelines with transformation stages, error recovery, and backpressure management.
defmodule Foundation.Pipeline do
@moduledoc """
Advanced data processing pipelines with stages, transformations, and flow control.
"""
defstruct [
:name,
:stages,
:config,
:supervisor_pid,
:metrics
]
def create_pipeline(name, stage_definitions, opts \\ []) do
config = %{
name: name,
max_concurrency: opts[:max_concurrency] || System.schedulers_online(),
buffer_size: opts[:buffer_size] || 1000,
error_strategy: opts[:error_strategy] || :retry,
metrics_enabled: opts[:metrics_enabled] || true
}
# Validate and compile stages
{:ok, compiled_stages} = compile_stages(stage_definitions)
# Start pipeline supervisor
{:ok, supervisor_pid} = Foundation.Pipeline.Supervisor.start_link(
name: name,
stages: compiled_stages,
config: config
)
pipeline = %__MODULE__{
name: name,
stages: compiled_stages,
config: config,
supervisor_pid: supervisor_pid,
metrics: Foundation.Pipeline.Metrics.new(name)
}
{:ok, pipeline}
end
def process_item(pipeline, data, opts \\ []) do
correlation_id = opts[:correlation_id] || Foundation.Utils.generate_correlation_id()
# Create processing context
context = %{
correlation_id: correlation_id,
pipeline_name: pipeline.name,
data: data,
stage_results: %{},
started_at: System.monotonic_time()
}
# Start processing through the pipeline
Foundation.Pipeline.Executor.process(pipeline, context)
end
def process_stream(pipeline, data_stream, opts \\ []) do
# Create a GenStage pipeline for streaming data
data_stream
|> Foundation.Pipeline.StreamProcessor.new(pipeline, opts)
|> Stream.map(&Foundation.Pipeline.Executor.process(pipeline, &1))
end
defp compile_stages(stage_definitions) do
compiled =
stage_definitions
|> Enum.with_index()
|> Enum.map(fn {{stage_name, stage_config}, index} ->
%{
name: stage_name,
index: index,
type: stage_config[:type] || :transform,
function: stage_config[:function],
config: stage_config[:config] || %{},
retry_policy: stage_config[:retry_policy] || %{max_attempts: 3},
timeout: stage_config[:timeout] || 30_000
}
end)
{:ok, compiled}
end
end
defmodule Foundation.Pipeline.Executor do
def process(pipeline, context) do
pipeline.stages
|> Enum.reduce_while({:ok, context}, fn stage, {:ok, ctx} ->
case execute_stage(stage, ctx, pipeline.config) do
{:ok, updated_ctx} ->
{:cont, {:ok, updated_ctx}}
{:error, reason} ->
handle_stage_error(stage, reason, ctx, pipeline.config)
end
end)
|> case do
{:ok, final_context} ->
# Emit success metrics
duration = System.monotonic_time() - final_context.started_at
Foundation.Telemetry.emit_histogram(
[:foundation, :pipeline, :processing_time],
duration,
%{pipeline: pipeline.name, success: true}
)
{:ok, final_context.data}
{:error, reason} ->
# Emit error metrics
Foundation.Telemetry.emit_counter(
[:foundation, :pipeline, :errors],
%{pipeline: pipeline.name, stage: reason.stage}
)
{:error, reason}
end
end
defp execute_stage(stage, context, pipeline_config) do
stage_context = Foundation.ErrorContext.new(
Foundation.Pipeline.Stage,
stage.name,
correlation_id: context.correlation_id,
metadata: %{
pipeline: pipeline_config.name,
stage_index: stage.index
}
)
Foundation.ErrorContext.with_context(stage_context, fn ->
case stage.type do
:transform -> execute_transform_stage(stage, context)
:validate -> execute_validation_stage(stage, context)
:enrich -> execute_enrichment_stage(stage, context)
:filter -> execute_filter_stage(stage, context)
:branch -> execute_branch_stage(stage, context)
:aggregate -> execute_aggregate_stage(stage, context)
end
end)
end
defp execute_transform_stage(stage, context) do
try do
transformed_data = stage.function.(context.data, stage.config)
updated_context = %{context |
data: transformed_data,
stage_results: Map.put(context.stage_results, stage.name, :success)
}
{:ok, updated_context}
rescue
error ->
{:error, %{stage: stage.name, reason: error, type: :transform_error}}
end
end
defp execute_validation_stage(stage, context) do
case stage.function.(context.data, stage.config) do
true -> {:ok, context}
false -> {:error, %{stage: stage.name, reason: :validation_failed}}
{:error, reason} -> {:error, %{stage: stage.name, reason: reason}}
end
end
defp handle_stage_error(stage, reason, context, pipeline_config) do
case pipeline_config.error_strategy do
:retry ->
attempt_stage_retry(stage, reason, context, pipeline_config)
:skip ->
{:cont, {:ok, context}}
:fail ->
{:halt, {:error, reason}}
:default_value ->
default_data = stage.config[:default_value] || context.data
updated_context = %{context | data: default_data}
{:cont, {:ok, updated_context}}
end
end
end
Enhancement 23: Intelligent Caching with Machine Learning
Overview: Self-optimizing cache that learns access patterns and predicts future needs.
defmodule Foundation.IntelligentCache do
@moduledoc """
ML-powered caching system that learns and adapts to usage patterns.
"""
use GenServer
defstruct [
:name,
:l1_cache,
:l2_cache,
:l3_cache,
:access_patterns,
:prediction_model,
:warming_scheduler,
:analytics
]
def start_link(opts) do
name = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :name)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, opts, name: via_tuple(name))
end
def get_or_compute(cache_name, key, compute_fn, opts \\ []) do
GenServer.call(via_tuple(cache_name), {:get_or_compute, key, compute_fn, opts})
end
def init(opts) do
name = opts[:name]
config = opts[:config] || %{}
# Initialize multi-tier cache
{:ok, l1_cache} = Foundation.Cache.L1.start_link(
size: config[:l1_size] || 1000,
policy: :lru
)
{:ok, l2_cache} = Foundation.Cache.L2.start_link(
size: config[:l2_size] || 10_000,
policy: :lfu,
persistence: :disk
)
{:ok, l3_cache} = Foundation.Cache.L3.start_link(
type: :distributed,
size: config[:l3_size] || 100_000
)
# Initialize access pattern tracking
access_patterns = Foundation.IntelligentCache.PatternTracker.new()
# Start prediction model
{:ok, prediction_model} = Foundation.IntelligentCache.MLModel.start_link(name)
# Start cache warming scheduler
{:ok, warming_scheduler} = Foundation.IntelligentCache.Warmer.start_link(name)
state = %__MODULE__{
name: name,
l1_cache: l1_cache,
l2_cache: l2_cache,
l3_cache: l3_cache,
access_patterns: access_patterns,
prediction_model: prediction_model,
warming_scheduler: warming_scheduler,
analytics: Foundation.IntelligentCache.Analytics.new()
}
# Schedule periodic optimization
:timer.send_interval(300_000, :optimize_cache) # Every 5 minutes
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_call({:get_or_compute, key, compute_fn, opts}, _from, state) do
start_time = System.monotonic_time()
access_context = create_access_context(key, opts)
# Record access pattern
updated_patterns = Foundation.IntelligentCache.PatternTracker.record_access(
state.access_patterns,
access_context
)
# Try cache tiers in order
result = case try_cache_tiers(key, state) do
{:hit, value, tier} ->
# Cache hit - promote to higher tier if beneficial
maybe_promote_to_higher_tier(key, value, tier, state)
# Record hit metrics
record_cache_metrics(:hit, tier, start_time, access_context)
{:ok, value}
:miss ->
# Cache miss - compute value
case compute_value_with_protection(compute_fn, access_context) do
{:ok, computed_value} ->
# Determine optimal cache tier for this value
optimal_tier = determine_optimal_cache_tier(
key,
computed_value,
access_context,
state
)
# Store in cache
store_in_cache_tier(key, computed_value, optimal_tier, state)
# Record miss metrics
record_cache_metrics(:miss, :none, start_time, access_context)
{:ok, computed_value}
{:error, reason} ->
{:error, reason}
end
end
# Update state with new patterns
new_state = %{state | access_patterns: updated_patterns}
{:reply, result, new_state}
end
def handle_info(:optimize_cache, state) do
# Run ML-based cache optimization
optimization_results = Foundation.IntelligentCache.Optimizer.optimize(state)
# Apply optimizations
updated_state = apply_cache_optimizations(state, optimization_results)
# Update prediction model
Foundation.IntelligentCache.MLModel.update_model(
state.prediction_model,
state.access_patterns
)
{:noreply, updated_state}
end
defp try_cache_tiers(key, state) do
# Try L1 (memory) first
case Foundation.Cache.L1.get(state.l1_cache, key) do
{:ok, value} -> {:hit, value, :l1}
:miss ->
# Try L2 (local disk)
case Foundation.Cache.L2.get(state.l2_cache, key) do
{:ok, value} -> {:hit, value, :l2}
:miss ->
# Try L3 (distributed)
case Foundation.Cache.L3.get(state.l3_cache, key) do
{:ok, value} -> {:hit, value, :l3}
:miss -> :miss
end
end
end
end
defp determine_optimal_cache_tier(key, value, access_context, state) do
# Use ML model to predict optimal tier
features = %{
key_hash: :erlang.phash2(key),
value_size: :erlang.external_size(value),
access_frequency: get_access_frequency(key, state.access_patterns),
computation_cost: access_context.computation_time || 0,
temporal_locality: calculate_temporal_locality(key, state.access_patterns),
user_priority: access_context.priority || :normal
}
case Foundation.IntelligentCache.MLModel.predict_optimal_tier(
state.prediction_model,
features
) do
{:ok, tier} -> tier
_ -> :l1 # Default fallback
end
end
end
defmodule Foundation.IntelligentCache.MLModel do
@moduledoc """
Machine learning model for cache optimization decisions.
"""
use GenServer
def start_link(cache_name) do
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, cache_name)
end
def predict_optimal_tier(model_pid, features) do
GenServer.call(model_pid, {:predict, features})
end
def update_model(model_pid, access_patterns) do
GenServer.cast(model_pid, {:update, access_patterns})
end
def init(cache_name) do
# Initialize simple decision tree model
model = %{
type: :decision_tree,
rules: default_decision_rules(),
learned_patterns: %{},
cache_name: cache_name,
training_data: []
}
{:ok, model}
end
def handle_call({:predict, features}, _from, model) do
prediction = apply_decision_rules(features, model.rules)
{:reply, {:ok, prediction}, model}
end
def handle_cast({:update, access_patterns}, model) do
# Extract training data from access patterns
new_training_data = extract_training_data(access_patterns)
# Update model with new data
updated_model = retrain_model(model, new_training_data)
{:noreply, updated_model}
end
defp default_decision_rules do
[
# High frequency + small size -> L1
%{
condition: fn f -> f.access_frequency > 10 and f.value_size < 1024 end,
result: :l1,
confidence: 0.9
},
# Medium frequency + medium size -> L2
%{
condition: fn f -> f.access_frequency > 2 and f.value_size < 10_240 end,
result: :l2,
confidence: 0.7
},
# Low frequency or large size -> L3
%{
condition: fn f -> f.access_frequency <= 2 or f.value_size >= 10_240 end,
result: :l3,
confidence: 0.6
}
]
end
defp apply_decision_rules(features, rules) do
rules
|> Enum.find(fn rule -> rule.condition.(features) end)
|> case do
nil -> :l1 # Default
rule -> rule.result
end
end
end
Enhancement 24: Event Sourcing and CQRS Infrastructure
Overview: Production-ready event sourcing with projections, snapshots, and command/query separation.
defmodule Foundation.EventSourcing do
@moduledoc """
Event sourcing infrastructure with CQRS support, projections, and snapshots.
"""
def create_aggregate(aggregate_module, aggregate_id, opts \\ []) do
# Start aggregate process
{:ok, aggregate_pid} = Foundation.EventSourcing.Aggregate.start_link(
module: aggregate_module,
id: aggregate_id,
opts: opts
)
# Register in aggregate registry
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.register(
:event_sourcing,
{:aggregate, aggregate_module, aggregate_id},
aggregate_pid
)
{:ok, aggregate_pid}
end
def execute_command(aggregate_module, aggregate_id, command) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(
:event_sourcing,
{:aggregate, aggregate_module, aggregate_id}
) do
{:ok, pid} ->
GenServer.call(pid, {:execute_command, command})
{:error, :not_found} ->
# Auto-create aggregate if it doesn't exist
{:ok, pid} = create_aggregate(aggregate_module, aggregate_id)
GenServer.call(pid, {:execute_command, command})
end
end
def create_projection(projection_module, event_types, opts \\ []) do
projection_id = Foundation.Utils.generate_id()
# Start projection process
{:ok, projection_pid} = Foundation.EventSourcing.Projection.start_link(
module: projection_module,
id: projection_id,
event_types: event_types,
opts: opts
)
# Subscribe to relevant events
Enum.each(event_types, fn event_type ->
Foundation.Events.subscribe_to_pattern(
{:event_type, event_type},
projection_pid
)
end)
{:ok, projection_id}
end
def query_projection(projection_module, query, opts \\ []) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(
:event_sourcing,
{:projection, projection_module}
) do
{:ok, pid} ->
GenServer.call(pid, {:query, query, opts})
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:projection_not_found,
"Projection #{projection_module} not found")}
end
end
end
defmodule Foundation.EventSourcing.Aggregate do
use GenServer
def start_link(opts) do
module = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :module)
id = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :id)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, {module, id, opts})
end
def init({module, id, opts}) do
# Load aggregate state from event store
{:ok, events} = Foundation.Events.query(%{
aggregate_id: id,
aggregate_type: module
})
# Replay events to build current state
state = %{
module: module,
id: id,
version: length(events),
data: replay_events(module, events),
uncommitted_events: [],
snapshot_threshold: opts[:snapshot_threshold] || 100
}
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_call({:execute_command, command}, _from, state) do
correlation_id = Foundation.Utils.generate_correlation_id()
# Validate command
case state.module.validate_command(command, state.data) do
:ok ->
# Execute command and get events
case state.module.handle_command(command, state.data) do
{:ok, events} when is_list(events) ->
# Apply events to state
new_data = apply_events(state.module, state.data, events)
# Store events
stored_events = store_events(events, state, correlation_id)
# Update state
new_state = %{state |
version: state.version + length(events),
data: new_data,
uncommitted_events: []
}
# Check if snapshot needed
maybe_create_snapshot(new_state)
{:reply, {:ok, stored_events}, new_state}
{:error, reason} ->
{:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
end
{:error, reason} ->
{:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
end
end
defp replay_events(module, events) do
events
|> Enum.sort_by(& &1.data.sequence_number)
|> Enum.reduce(module.initial_state(), fn event, acc ->
module.apply_event(event, acc)
end)
end
defp apply_events(module, current_state, events) do
Enum.reduce(events, current_state, fn event, acc ->
module.apply_event(event, acc)
end)
end
defp store_events(events, state, correlation_id) do
events
|> Enum.with_index(state.version + 1)
|> Enum.map(fn {event, sequence_number} ->
event_data = %{
aggregate_id: state.id,
aggregate_type: state.module,
sequence_number: sequence_number,
event_type: event.event_type,
event_data: event.data,
metadata: event.metadata || %{}
}
Foundation.Events.new_event(
event.event_type,
event_data,
correlation_id: correlation_id
)
|> Foundation.Events.store()
end)
end
end
defmodule Foundation.EventSourcing.Projection do
use GenServer
def start_link(opts) do
module = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :module)
id = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :id)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, {module, id, opts})
end
def init({module, id, opts}) do
# Initialize projection state
state = %{
module: module,
id: id,
data: module.initial_state(),
last_processed_event: nil,
processing_mode: opts[:mode] || :realtime
}
# If catching up, process historical events
if state.processing_mode == :catchup do
spawn_link(fn -> catch_up_with_events(self(), module, opts[:event_types]) end)
end
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_info({:foundation_event, event}, state) do
# Process event through projection
case state.module.handle_event(event, state.data) do
{:ok, new_data} ->
updated_state = %{state |
data: new_data,
last_processed_event: event.id
}
# Emit projection update event
Foundation.Events.new_event(:projection_updated, %{
projection_module: state.module,
projection_id: state.id,
event_id: event.id
})
|> Foundation.Events.store()
{:noreply, updated_state}
{:error, reason} ->
Logger.error("Projection #{state.module} failed to process event",
event_id: event.id,
reason: reason)
{:noreply, state}
end
end
def handle_call({:query, query, opts}, _from, state) do
result = state.module.handle_query(query, state.data, opts)
{:reply, result, state}
end
end
Enhancement 25: Advanced Distributed State Management
Overview: Sophisticated distributed state synchronization with conflict resolution and eventual consistency.
defmodule Foundation.DistributedState do
@moduledoc """
Advanced distributed state management with conflict resolution and consistency guarantees.
"""
def create_distributed_object(name, initial_state, opts \\ []) do
consistency_model = opts[:consistency] || :eventual
conflict_resolution = opts[:conflict_resolution] || :last_writer_wins
# Create CRDT-based state object
{:ok, state_pid} = Foundation.DistributedState.Object.start_link(
name: name,
initial_state: initial_state,
consistency_model: consistency_model,
conflict_resolution: conflict_resolution
)
# Register in distributed registry
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.register(
:global,
{:distributed_state, name},
state_pid
)
# Set up replication to other nodes
setup_replication(name, Node.list())
{:ok, name}
end
def update_state(object_name, update_fn) when is_function(update_fn, 1) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:global, {:distributed_state, object_name}) do
{:ok, pid} ->
GenServer.call(pid, {:update, update_fn})
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:object_not_found,
"Distributed state object #{object_name} not found")}
end
end
def get_state(object_name) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:global, {:distributed_state, object_name}) do
{:ok, pid} ->
GenServer.call(pid, :get_state)
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:object_not_found,
"Distributed state object #{object_name} not found")}
end
end
def sync_with_nodes(object_name, nodes) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:global, {:distributed_state, object_name}) do
{:ok, pid} ->
GenServer.cast(pid, {:sync_with_nodes, nodes})
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, :object_not_found}
end
end
end
## Foundation Enhancement Series IV: Advanced Infrastructure Primitives (Continued)
```elixir
defmodule Foundation.DistributedState.Object do
use GenServer
defstruct [
:name,
:state,
:vector_clock,
:consistency_model,
:conflict_resolution,
:pending_updates,
:sync_partners
]
def start_link(opts) do
name = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :name)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, opts)
end
def init(opts) do
name = opts[:name]
initial_state = opts[:initial_state]
state = %__MODULE__{
name: name,
state: initial_state,
vector_clock: Foundation.DistributedState.VectorClock.new(Node.self()),
consistency_model: opts[:consistency_model],
conflict_resolution: opts[:conflict_resolution],
pending_updates: [],
sync_partners: []
}
# Start periodic sync with other nodes
:timer.send_interval(5000, :sync_state)
# Monitor node changes
:net_kernel.monitor_nodes(true)
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_call({:update, update_fn}, _from, state) do
try do
# Apply update function to current state
new_local_state = update_fn.(state.state)
# Create update operation with vector clock
updated_clock = Foundation.DistributedState.VectorClock.increment(
state.vector_clock,
Node.self()
)
update_operation = %{
id: Foundation.Utils.generate_id(),
timestamp: DateTime.utc_now(),
node: Node.self(),
vector_clock: updated_clock,
operation: :update,
update_fn: update_fn,
previous_state_hash: :erlang.phash2(state.state)
}
# Apply update locally
new_state = %{state |
state: new_local_state,
vector_clock: updated_clock,
pending_updates: [update_operation | state.pending_updates]
}
# Replicate to other nodes asynchronously
spawn(fn -> replicate_update(state.name, update_operation, state.sync_partners) end)
{:reply, {:ok, new_local_state}, new_state}
rescue
error ->
{:reply, {:error, error}, state}
end
end
def handle_call(:get_state, _from, state) do
{:reply, {:ok, state.state}, state}
end
def handle_cast({:sync_with_nodes, nodes}, state) do
new_sync_partners = Enum.uniq(nodes ++ state.sync_partners)
{:noreply, %{state | sync_partners: new_sync_partners}}
end
def handle_cast({:remote_update, update_operation}, state) do
# Handle update from remote node
case should_apply_remote_update?(update_operation, state) do
true ->
new_state = apply_remote_update(update_operation, state)
{:noreply, new_state}
false ->
# Conflict detected - resolve using configured strategy
resolved_state = resolve_conflict(update_operation, state)
{:noreply, resolved_state}
end
end
def handle_info(:sync_state, state) do
# Periodic synchronization with other nodes
spawn(fn -> sync_with_all_partners(state.name, state.sync_partners) end)
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_info({:nodeup, node}, state) do
# New node joined - add to sync partners
new_partners = [node | state.sync_partners] |> Enum.uniq()
{:noreply, %{state | sync_partners: new_partners}}
end
def handle_info({:nodedown, node}, state) do
# Node left - remove from sync partners
new_partners = List.delete(state.sync_partners, node)
{:noreply, %{state | sync_partners: new_partners}}
end
defp should_apply_remote_update?(update_operation, state) do
# Check if remote update can be applied based on vector clocks
Foundation.DistributedState.VectorClock.can_apply?(
update_operation.vector_clock,
state.vector_clock
)
end
defp apply_remote_update(update_operation, state) do
try do
# Apply the remote update function
new_state_data = update_operation.update_fn.(state.state)
# Merge vector clocks
merged_clock = Foundation.DistributedState.VectorClock.merge(
state.vector_clock,
update_operation.vector_clock
)
%{state |
state: new_state_data,
vector_clock: merged_clock
}
rescue
_error ->
# If update fails, trigger conflict resolution
resolve_conflict(update_operation, state)
end
end
defp resolve_conflict(update_operation, state) do
case state.conflict_resolution do
:last_writer_wins ->
# Compare timestamps
if DateTime.compare(update_operation.timestamp, DateTime.utc_now()) == :gt do
apply_remote_update(update_operation, state)
else
state
end
:manual ->
# Queue for manual resolution
Foundation.Events.new_event(:state_conflict_detected, %{
object_name: state.name,
local_state: state.state,
remote_operation: update_operation
})
|> Foundation.Events.store()
state
:merge ->
# Attempt automatic merge
attempt_automatic_merge(update_operation, state)
end
end
defp replicate_update(object_name, update_operation, sync_partners) do
Enum.each(sync_partners, fn node ->
case :rpc.call(node, GenServer, :cast, [
{:via, Foundation.ServiceRegistry, {:global, {:distributed_state, object_name}}},
{:remote_update, update_operation}
]) do
:ok -> :ok
{:badrpc, reason} ->
Logger.warn("Failed to replicate to node #{node}: #{inspect(reason)}")
end
end)
end
end
defmodule Foundation.DistributedState.VectorClock do
@moduledoc """
Vector clock implementation for distributed state ordering.
"""
def new(node) do
%{node => 1}
end
def increment(clock, node) do
Map.update(clock, node, 1, &(&1 + 1))
end
def merge(clock1, clock2) do
all_nodes = MapSet.union(MapSet.new(Map.keys(clock1)), MapSet.new(Map.keys(clock2)))
Enum.reduce(all_nodes, %{}, fn node, acc ->
val1 = Map.get(clock1, node, 0)
val2 = Map.get(clock2, node, 0)
Map.put(acc, node, max(val1, val2))
end)
end
def can_apply?(remote_clock, local_clock) do
# Check if remote clock is causally after local clock
Map.keys(remote_clock)
|> Enum.all?(fn node ->
Map.get(remote_clock, node, 0) >= Map.get(local_clock, node, 0)
end)
end
def compare(clock1, clock2) do
cond do
happens_before?(clock1, clock2) -> :before
happens_before?(clock2, clock1) -> :after
clock1 == clock2 -> :equal
true -> :concurrent
end
end
defp happens_before?(clock1, clock2) do
all_nodes = MapSet.union(MapSet.new(Map.keys(clock1)), MapSet.new(Map.keys(clock2)))
less_equal = Enum.all?(all_nodes, fn node ->
Map.get(clock1, node, 0) <= Map.get(clock2, node, 0)
end)
strictly_less = Enum.any?(all_nodes, fn node ->
Map.get(clock1, node, 0) < Map.get(clock2, node, 0)
end)
less_equal and strictly_less
end
end
Enhancement 26: Real-time Collaboration Framework
Overview: Infrastructure for building real-time collaborative applications with operational transformation and conflict-free replicated data types.
defmodule Foundation.Collaboration do
@moduledoc """
Real-time collaboration infrastructure with operational transformation and CRDTs.
"""
def create_collaboration_session(session_id, document_type, opts \\ []) do
# Start collaboration session
{:ok, session_pid} = Foundation.Collaboration.Session.start_link(
id: session_id,
document_type: document_type,
opts: opts
)
# Register session
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.register(
:collaboration,
{:session, session_id},
session_pid
)
{:ok, session_id}
end
def join_session(session_id, participant_id, opts \\ []) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:collaboration, {:session, session_id}) do
{:ok, session_pid} ->
GenServer.call(session_pid, {:join, participant_id, opts})
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:session_not_found,
"Collaboration session #{session_id} not found")}
end
end
def submit_operation(session_id, participant_id, operation) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:collaboration, {:session, session_id}) do
{:ok, session_pid} ->
GenServer.call(session_pid, {:submit_operation, participant_id, operation})
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, :session_not_found}
end
end
def get_document_state(session_id) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:collaboration, {:session, session_id}) do
{:ok, session_pid} ->
GenServer.call(session_pid, :get_document_state)
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, :session_not_found}
end
end
end
defmodule Foundation.Collaboration.Session do
use GenServer
defstruct [
:id,
:document_type,
:document_state,
:participants,
:operation_log,
:transformation_engine,
:conflict_resolver
]
def start_link(opts) do
session_id = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :id)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, opts)
end
def init(opts) do
session_id = opts[:id]
document_type = opts[:document_type]
# Initialize document state based on type
initial_state = case document_type do
:text -> Foundation.Collaboration.TextDocument.new()
:json -> Foundation.Collaboration.JSONDocument.new()
:custom -> opts[:initial_state] || %{}
end
state = %__MODULE__{
id: session_id,
document_type: document_type,
document_state: initial_state,
participants: %{},
operation_log: [],
transformation_engine: get_transformation_engine(document_type),
conflict_resolver: get_conflict_resolver(document_type)
}
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_call({:join, participant_id, opts}, {from_pid, _tag}, state) do
participant_info = %{
id: participant_id,
pid: from_pid,
joined_at: DateTime.utc_now(),
cursor_position: opts[:cursor_position],
metadata: opts[:metadata] || %{}
}
# Add participant
new_participants = Map.put(state.participants, participant_id, participant_info)
# Monitor participant process
Process.monitor(from_pid)
# Broadcast join event to other participants
broadcast_to_participants(
new_participants,
{:participant_joined, participant_info},
[participant_id]
)
new_state = %{state | participants: new_participants}
# Return current document state to new participant
{:reply, {:ok, state.document_state}, new_state}
end
def handle_call({:submit_operation, participant_id, operation}, _from, state) do
case Map.get(state.participants, participant_id) do
nil ->
{:reply, {:error, :participant_not_found}, state}
_participant ->
# Transform operation against concurrent operations
transformed_operation = transform_operation(operation, state)
# Apply operation to document
case apply_operation(transformed_operation, state.document_state, state.document_type) do
{:ok, new_document_state} ->
# Add to operation log
new_log = [transformed_operation | state.operation_log]
# Broadcast operation to other participants
broadcast_to_participants(
state.participants,
{:operation, transformed_operation},
[participant_id]
)
new_state = %{state |
document_state: new_document_state,
operation_log: new_log
}
{:reply, {:ok, transformed_operation}, new_state}
{:error, reason} ->
{:reply, {:error, reason}, state}
end
end
end
def handle_call(:get_document_state, _from, state) do
{:reply, {:ok, state.document_state}, state}
end
def handle_info({:DOWN, _ref, :process, pid, _reason}, state) do
# Remove participant whose process died
{departed_participant, new_participants} =
Enum.find_value(state.participants, fn {id, info} ->
if info.pid == pid do
{info, Map.delete(state.participants, id)}
else
nil
end
end) || {nil, state.participants}
if departed_participant do
# Broadcast departure to remaining participants
broadcast_to_participants(
new_participants,
{:participant_left, departed_participant},
[]
)
end
{:noreply, %{state | participants: new_participants}}
end
defp transform_operation(operation, state) do
# Get concurrent operations from log
concurrent_ops = get_concurrent_operations(operation, state.operation_log)
# Apply operational transformation
state.transformation_engine.transform(operation, concurrent_ops)
end
defp apply_operation(operation, document_state, document_type) do
case document_type do
:text ->
Foundation.Collaboration.TextDocument.apply_operation(document_state, operation)
:json ->
Foundation.Collaboration.JSONDocument.apply_operation(document_state, operation)
:custom ->
# Use custom operation application
operation.apply_fn.(document_state, operation)
end
end
defp broadcast_to_participants(participants, message, exclude_ids) do
participants
|> Enum.reject(fn {id, _info} -> id in exclude_ids end)
|> Enum.each(fn {_id, info} ->
send(info.pid, {:collaboration_event, message})
end)
end
end
defmodule Foundation.Collaboration.TextDocument do
@moduledoc """
Text document implementation with operational transformation.
"""
defstruct [:content, :version]
def new(initial_content \\ "") do
%__MODULE__{
content: initial_content,
version: 0
}
end
def apply_operation(document, operation) do
case operation.type do
:insert ->
apply_insert(document, operation)
:delete ->
apply_delete(document, operation)
:retain ->
{:ok, document} # Retain operations don't change content
_ ->
{:error, :unknown_operation_type}
end
end
defp apply_insert(document, operation) do
position = operation.position
text = operation.text
{before, after} = String.split_at(document.content, position)
new_content = before <> text <> after
new_document = %{document |
content: new_content,
version: document.version + 1
}
{:ok, new_document}
end
defp apply_delete(document, operation) do
position = operation.position
length = operation.length
{before, rest} = String.split_at(document.content, position)
{_deleted, after} = String.split_at(rest, length)
new_content = before <> after
new_document = %{document |
content: new_content,
version: document.version + 1
}
{:ok, new_document}
end
end
defmodule Foundation.Collaboration.OperationalTransform do
@moduledoc """
Operational transformation algorithms for conflict resolution.
"""
def transform_text_operations(op1, op2) do
# Implement operational transformation for text operations
case {op1.type, op2.type} do
{:insert, :insert} ->
transform_insert_insert(op1, op2)
{:insert, :delete} ->
transform_insert_delete(op1, op2)
{:delete, :insert} ->
{op2_prime, op1_prime} = transform_insert_delete(op2, op1)
{op1_prime, op2_prime}
{:delete, :delete} ->
transform_delete_delete(op1, op2)
end
end
defp transform_insert_insert(op1, op2) do
# Two concurrent insertions
if op1.position <= op2.position do
# op1 is before or at same position as op2
op2_prime = %{op2 | position: op2.position + String.length(op1.text)}
{op1, op2_prime}
else
# op2 is before op1
op1_prime = %{op1 | position: op1.position + String.length(op2.text)}
{op1_prime, op2}
end
end
defp transform_insert_delete(insert_op, delete_op) do
if insert_op.position <= delete_op.position do
# Insert is before delete
delete_op_prime = %{delete_op | position: delete_op.position + String.length(insert_op.text)}
{insert_op, delete_op_prime}
else
# Insert is after delete start
if insert_op.position >= delete_op.position + delete_op.length do
# Insert is after delete end
insert_op_prime = %{insert_op | position: insert_op.position - delete_op.length}
{insert_op_prime, delete_op}
else
# Insert is within delete range
insert_op_prime = %{insert_op | position: delete_op.position}
delete_op_prime = %{delete_op | length: delete_op.length + String.length(insert_op.text)}
{insert_op_prime, delete_op_prime}
end
end
end
defp transform_delete_delete(op1, op2) do
# Two concurrent deletions - complex case
cond do
op1.position + op1.length <= op2.position ->
# op1 is completely before op2
op2_prime = %{op2 | position: op2.position - op1.length}
{op1, op2_prime}
op2.position + op2.length <= op1.position ->
# op2 is completely before op1
op1_prime = %{op1 | position: op1.position - op2.length}
{op1_prime, op2}
true ->
# Deletions overlap - need to resolve carefully
resolve_overlapping_deletes(op1, op2)
end
end
defp resolve_overlapping_deletes(op1, op2) do
# Simplified: merge overlapping deletes
start_pos = min(op1.position, op2.position)
end_pos = max(op1.position + op1.length, op2.position + op2.length)
# Create a single delete operation that covers both ranges
merged_delete = %{
type: :delete,
position: start_pos,
length: end_pos - start_pos
}
# Return empty operation for one, merged for other
{merged_delete, %{type: :retain}}
end
end
Enhancement 27: Multi-Tenant Resource Isolation
Overview: Comprehensive multi-tenancy support with resource isolation, quota management, and tenant-specific configurations.
defmodule Foundation.MultiTenant do
@moduledoc """
Multi-tenant infrastructure with resource isolation and quota management.
"""
def create_tenant(tenant_id, config \\ %{}) do
# Validate tenant configuration
case validate_tenant_config(config) do
:ok ->
# Create tenant namespace
tenant_namespace = {:tenant, tenant_id}
# Start tenant supervisor
{:ok, supervisor_pid} = Foundation.MultiTenant.TenantSupervisor.start_link(
tenant_id: tenant_id,
config: config
)
# Register tenant
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.register(
:multi_tenant,
tenant_namespace,
supervisor_pid
)
# Initialize tenant resources
initialize_tenant_resources(tenant_id, config)
{:ok, tenant_id}
{:error, reason} ->
{:error, reason}
end
end
def get_tenant_context(tenant_id) do
case Foundation.ServiceRegistry.lookup(:multi_tenant, {:tenant, tenant_id}) do
{:ok, supervisor_pid} ->
{:ok, %{
tenant_id: tenant_id,
supervisor: supervisor_pid,
namespace: {:tenant, tenant_id}
}}
{:error, :not_found} ->
{:error, Foundation.Error.new(:tenant_not_found,
"Tenant #{tenant_id} not found")}
end
end
def execute_in_tenant_context(tenant_id, fun) do
case get_tenant_context(tenant_id) do
{:ok, context} ->
# Set up tenant-specific configuration
previous_config = Foundation.Config.get_all()
try do
# Apply tenant-specific configuration
apply_tenant_config(tenant_id)
# Execute function in tenant context
fun.(context)
after
# Restore previous configuration
Foundation.Config.replace_all(previous_config)
end
{:error, reason} ->
{:error, reason}
end
end
def check_resource_quota(tenant_id, resource_type, requested_amount) do
case Foundation.MultiTenant.QuotaManager.check_quota(
tenant_id,
resource_type,
requested_amount
) do
:ok -> :ok
{:error, :quota_exceeded} -> {:error, :quota_exceeded}
{:error, reason} -> {:error, reason}
end
end
defp validate_tenant_config(config) do
required_fields = [:name, :resource_quotas]
missing_fields = required_fields -- Map.keys(config)
case missing_fields do
[] -> :ok
fields -> {:error, {:missing_fields, fields}}
end
end
defp initialize_tenant_resources(tenant_id, config) do
# Initialize tenant-specific quotas
Foundation.MultiTenant.QuotaManager.initialize_quotas(tenant_id, config.resource_quotas)
# Set up tenant-specific event streams
Foundation.Events.create_tenant_stream(tenant_id)
# Initialize tenant-specific telemetry
Foundation.Telemetry.create_tenant_namespace(tenant_id)
:ok
end
end
defmodule Foundation.MultiTenant.TenantSupervisor do
use Supervisor
def start_link(opts) do
tenant_id = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :tenant_id)
Supervisor.start_link(__MODULE__, opts, name: via_tuple(tenant_id))
end
def init(opts) do
tenant_id = opts[:tenant_id]
config = opts[:config]
children = [
# Tenant-specific services
{Foundation.MultiTenant.ResourceManager, tenant_id: tenant_id, config: config},
{Foundation.MultiTenant.QuotaManager, tenant_id: tenant_id, quotas: config.resource_quotas},
{Foundation.MultiTenant.EventProcessor, tenant_id: tenant_id},
# Dynamic supervisor for tenant processes
{DynamicSupervisor, name: tenant_dynamic_supervisor_name(tenant_id), strategy: :one_for_one}
]
Supervisor.init(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
end
defp via_tuple(tenant_id) do
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.via_tuple(:multi_tenant, {:tenant_supervisor, tenant_id})
end
defp tenant_dynamic_supervisor_name(tenant_id) do
{:via, Foundation.ServiceRegistry, {:multi_tenant, {:tenant_dynamic_supervisor, tenant_id}}}
end
end
defmodule Foundation.MultiTenant.QuotaManager do
use GenServer
defstruct [
:tenant_id,
:quotas,
:current_usage,
:usage_history
]
def start_link(opts) do
tenant_id = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :tenant_id)
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, opts,
name: via_tuple(tenant_id))
end
def check_quota(tenant_id, resource_type, requested_amount) do
GenServer.call(via_tuple(tenant_id), {:check_quota, resource_type, requested_amount})
end
def consume_quota(tenant_id, resource_type, amount) do
GenServer.call(via_tuple(tenant_id), {:consume_quota, resource_type, amount})
end
def get_usage_stats(tenant_id) do
GenServer.call(via_tuple(tenant_id), :get_usage_stats)
end
def init(opts) do
tenant_id = opts[:tenant_id]
quotas = opts[:quotas]
# Initialize usage tracking
current_usage =
quotas
|> Map.keys()
|> Enum.map(fn resource_type -> {resource_type, 0} end)
|> Enum.into(%{})
state = %__MODULE__{
tenant_id: tenant_id,
quotas: quotas,
current_usage: current_usage,
usage_history: []
}
# Schedule periodic usage cleanup
:timer.send_interval(300_000, :cleanup_usage_history) # Every 5 minutes
{:ok, state}
end
def handle_call({:check_quota, resource_type, requested_amount}, _from, state) do
current_usage = Map.get(state.current_usage, resource_type, 0)
quota_limit = Map.get(state.quotas, resource_type, :unlimited)
result = case quota_limit do
:unlimited -> :ok
limit when is_number(limit) ->
if current_usage + requested_amount <= limit do
:ok
else
{:error, :quota_exceeded}
end
_ -> {:error, :invalid_quota_config}
end
{:reply, result, state}
end
def handle_call({:consume_quota, resource_type, amount}, _from, state) do
case handle_call({:check_quota, resource_type, amount}, nil, state) do
{:reply, :ok, _} ->
# Update usage
new_usage = Map.update(state.current_usage, resource_type, amount, &(&1 + amount))
# Record usage event
usage_event = %{
resource_type: resource_type,
amount: amount,
timestamp: DateTime.utc_now(),
total_usage: Map.get(new_usage, resource_type)
}
new_history = [usage_event | Enum.take(state.usage_history, 999)]
new_state = %{state |
current_usage: new_usage,
usage_history: new_history
}
# Emit telemetry
Foundation.Telemetry.emit_gauge(
[:foundation, :tenant, :resource_usage],
Map.get(new_usage, resource_type),
%{tenant_id: state.tenant_id, resource_type: resource_type}
)
{:reply, :ok, new_state}
{:reply, error, state} ->
{:reply, error, state}
end
end
def handle_call(:get_usage_stats, _from, state) do
stats = %{
tenant_id: state.tenant_id,
current_usage: state.current_usage,
quotas: state.quotas,
utilization: calculate_utilization(state.current_usage, state.quotas),
recent_activity: Enum.take(state.usage_history, 10)
}
{:reply, {:ok, stats}, state}
end
def handle_info(:cleanup_usage_history, state) do
# Keep only recent history (last hour)
cutoff_time = DateTime.add(DateTime.utc_now(), -3600, :second)
new_history =
state.usage_history
|> Enum.filter(fn event ->
DateTime.compare(event.timestamp, cutoff_time) == :gt
end)
{:noreply, %{state | usage_history: new_history}}
end
defp calculate_utilization(current_usage, quotas) do
Enum.map(current_usage, fn {resource_type, usage} ->
quota = Map.get(quotas, resource_type, :unlimited)
utilization = case quota do
:unlimited -> 0.0
limit when is_number(limit) and limit > 0 -> usage / limit
_ -> 0.0
end
{resource_type, utilization}
end)
|> Enum.into(%{})
end
defp via_tuple(tenant_id) do
Foundation.ServiceRegistry.via_tuple(:multi_tenant, {:quota_manager, tenant_id})
end
end